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Hepatitis A and B Vaccination

CE / CME

DeLIVERing Prevention: Optimizing Uptake of Hepatitis A and B Vaccination

Pharmacists: 1.00 contact hour (0.1 CEUs)

Physicians: maximum of 1.00 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit

Nurse Practitioners/Nurses: 1.00 Nursing contact hour

Released: June 03, 2026

Expiration: June 02, 2027

Activity

Progress
1 2 3
Course Completed

References

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  2. Migueres M, Lhomme S, Izopet J. Hepatitis A: epidemiology, high-risk groups, prevention and research on antiviral treatment. Viruses. 2021;13:1900.
  3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Viral hepatitis surveillance report, 2022: hepatitis A. cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-a/index.html. Accessed May 22, 2026.
  4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Viral hepatitis surveillance—United States, 2019. archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/hepatitis/statistics/2019surveillance/Figure1.1.htm. Accessed May 22, 2026.
  5. Horn EK, Herrera-Restrepo O, Acosta AM, et al. The burden of hepatitis A outbreaks in the United States: health outcomes, economic costs, and management strategies. J Infect Dis. 2024;230:e199-e218.
  6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases: hepatitis A. cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/hepa.html. Accessed May 22, 2026.
  7. Younossi ZM, Germani G, Wong R, et al. Steatotic liver disease is the dominant indication for liver transplantation in both Europe and the United States: trends and outcomes in the past 2 decades. Liver Transpl. 2026;32:549-557.
  8. Nelson. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2020;69:1.
  9. Hofmeister MG, Yin S, Nelson NP, et al. Trends and opportunities: hepatitis A virus infection, seroprevalence, and vaccination coverage—United States, 1976-2020. Public Health Rep. 2023;[Epub ahead of print].
  10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases: hepatitis B. cdc.gov/pinkbook/hcp/table-of-contents/chapter-10-hepatitis-b.html. Accessed May 22, 2026.
  11. World Health Organization. Hepatitis B fact sheet. who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b. Accessed May 22, 2026.
  12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatitis B: clinical overview for healthcare providers. cdc.gov/hepatitis-b/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html. Accessed May 22, 2026.
  13. World Health Organization. Global health sector strategies on, respectively, HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections for the period 2022-2030. iris.who.int/bitstreams/4fc7b178-5017-4065-9970-fc5a7533cb5f/download. Accessed May 22, 2026.
  14. International Agency for Research on Cancer. iarc.who.int. Accessed May 22, 2026.
  15. Le MH, Yeo YH, Cheung R, et al. Chronic hepatitis B prevalence among foreign-born and US-born adults in the United States, 1999-2016. Hepatology. 2020;71:431-443.
  16. American Academy of Pediatrics. Fact checked: hepatitis B vaccine given to newborns reduces risk of chronic infection. aap.org/en/news-room/fact-checked/fact-checked-hepatitis-b-vaccine-given-to-newborns-reduces-risk-of-chronic-infection. Accessed May 22, 2026.
  17. Madihi S, Boukaira S, Benani A. Advancing hepatitis B elimination: a systematic review of global immunization progress and future directions. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2025;111:116666.
  18. World Health Organization. WHO global hepatitis report 2026. who.int/publications/i/item/9789240122383. Accessed May 22, 2026.
  19. Chang MH, You SL, Chen CJ, et al. Decreased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B vaccinees: a 20-year follow-up study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009;101:1348-1355.
  20. Chiang CJ, Jhuang JR, Yang YW, et al. Association of nationwide hepatitis B vaccination and antiviral therapy programs with end-stage liver disease burden in Taiwan. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5:e2222367.
  21. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Maternal immunizations. acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-statement/articles/2026/02/maternal-immunizations. Accessed May 22, 2026.
  22. Viral hepatitis in pregnancy: ACOG Clinical Practice Guideline No. 6. Obstet Gynecol. 2023;142:745-759.
  23. Terrault N. [Hepatitis B article]. Hepatology. 2026;83:4.
  24. Immunization Action Coalition. Protect newborns from hepatitis B. immunize.org/protect-newborns. Accessed May 22, 2026.
  25. American Academy of Pediatrics. AAP recommended child and adolescent immunization schedule. publications.aap.org/redbook/resources/15585/AAP-Immunization-Schedule. Accessed May 22, 2026.
  26. Lee C, Gong Y, Brok J, et al. Effect of hepatitis B immunisation in newborn infants of mothers positive for hepatitis B surface antigen: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2006;332:328-336.
  27. Nelson NP, Easterbrook PJ, McMahon BJ. Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection and impact of vaccination on disease. Clin Liver Dis. 2016;20:607-628.
  28. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatitis B: perinatal provider overview—vaccine administration. cdc.gov/hepatitis-b/hcp/perinatal-provider-overview/vaccine-administration.html. Accessed May 22, 2026.
  29. Committee on Infectious Diseases; Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Elimination of perinatal hepatitis B: providing the first vaccine dose within 24 hours of birth. Pediatrics. 2017;140:e20171870.
  30. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatitis A vaccination. cdc.gov/hepatitis-a/vaccination/index.html. Accessed May 22, 2026.
  31. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC acts on presidential memorandum to update childhood immunization schedule. cdc.gov/media/releases/2026/2026-cdc-acts-on-presidential-memorandum-to-update-childhood-immunization-schedule.html. Accessed May 22, 2026.
  32. American Academy of Pediatrics. Shared clinical decision-making for immunizations. aap.org/en/patient-care/immunizations/shared-clinical-decision-making-for-immunizations. Accessed May 22, 2026.
  33. American Academy of Pediatrics. Talking with vaccine-hesitant parents. aap.org/en/patient-care/immunizations/communicating-with-families-and-promoting-vaccine-confidence/talking-with-vaccine-hesitant-parents. Accessed May 22, 2026.
  34. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatitis B: vaccine administration. cdc.gov/hepatitis-b/hcp/vaccine-administration/index.html. Accessed May 22, 2026.
  35. Pingali C, Yankey D, Elam-Evans LD, et al. Vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 13-17 years—National Immunization Survey-Teen, United States, 2024. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2025;74:466-472.
  36. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vaccination coverage among adults, 2021. cdc.gov/adultvaxview/publications-resources/vaccination-coverage-adults-2021.html. Accessed May 22, 2026.
  37. Lu PJ, Hung MC, Srivastav A, et al. Surveillance of vaccination coverage among adult populations—United States, 2018. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2021;70:1-26.
  38. Rothman JM, Kwan B, Longhurst CA, et al. US newborn hepatitis B virus vaccination rates. JAMA. 2026;335:1086-1087.
  39. Stanford Medicine. Hepatitis B infant immunization coverage in the US. med.stanford.edu/liver/research/hepatitis-B-Infant-Immunization-Coverage-in-the-US.html. Accessed May 22, 2026.
  40. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adult hepatitis B vaccination coverage, 2023. cdc.gov/adultvaxview/publications-resources/adult-hepb-vaccination-coverage-2023.html. Accessed May 22, 2026.
  41. Ghaswalla P, Davis K, Sweeney C, et al. Health care providers’ knowledge, practices, and barriers to hepatitis vaccination guidelines. J Nurse Pract. 2022;18:403-410.
  42. Wangensteen L, Mohamed F, Oberhelman-Eaton SS, et al. A strategy to improve hepatitis B vaccine uptake in hesitant adults: the offer-offer-test-vaccinate approach. J Prim Care Community Health. 2025;16:21501319251408993.
  43. Cater MG, Olasehinde T, Kim A, et al. Hepatitis B vaccination uptake and associated factors in the United States before implementing universal vaccination: a nationally-representative study. J Viral Hepat. 2026;33:e70125.
  44. Gagneur A. Motivational interviewing: a powerful tool to address vaccine hesitancy. Can Commun Dis Rep. 2020;46:93-97.
  45. Montgomery MP, Eckert M, Hofmeister MG, et al. Strategies for successful vaccination among 2 medically underserved populations: lessons learned from hepatitis A outbreaks. Am J Public Health. 2021;111:1409-1412.
  46. Campbell JV, Garfein RS, Thiede H, et al. Convenience is the key to hepatitis A and B vaccination uptake among young adult injection drug users. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007;91(suppl 1):S64-S72.