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Pediatric Pneumococcal Disease Prevention

CE / CME

Up to Date on Pneumococcal Disease and Prevention in Your Pediatric Patients

Pharmacists: 0.50 contact hour (0.05 CEUs)

Physicians: maximum of 0.50 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit

Nurse Practitioners/Nurses: 0.50 Nursing contact hour

Released: July 13, 2026

Expiration: July 12, 2027

Activity

Progress
1 2 3
Course Completed

References

  1. Mohanty S, Cossrow N, White M, et al. Burden of invasive pneumococcal disease, non-invasive all-cause pneumonia, and acute otitis media in hospitalized US children: a retrospective multi-center study from 2015 to 2020. BMC Health Serv Res. 2024;24:1574. 
  2. Morimura A, Hamaguchi S, Akeda Y, et al. Mechanisms underlying pneumococcal transmission and factors influencing host-pneumococcus interaction: a review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;11:639450.
  3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. cdc.gov/pneumococcal/php/drug-resistance/index.html. Accessed June 30, 2026.
  4. Weycker D, Farkouh RA, Strutton DR, et al. Rates and costs of invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia in persons with underlying medical conditions. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016;16:182. 
  5. Jedrzejas MJ. Pneumococcal virulence factors: structure and function. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2001;65:187-207.
  6. Mitchell AM, Mitchell TJ. Streptococcus pneumoniae: virulence factors and variation. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2010;16:411-418.
  7. Paton JC, Trappetti C. Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide. Microbiol Spectr. 2019;7:10.1128.
  8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pneumococcal disease surveillance and trends. cdc.gov/pneumococcal/php/surveillance/index.html. Accessed June 30, 2026.
  9. Darkwah S, Somda NS, Mahazu S, et al. Pneumococcal serotypes and their association with death risk in invasive pneumococcal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2025;12:1566502. 
  10. Bennett JC, Deloria Knoll M, Kagucia EW, et al. Global impact of ten-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in all ages (the PSERENADE project): a global surveillance analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2025;25:457-470.
  11. King LM, Andrejko KL, Kobayashi M, et al. Pneumococcal serotype distribution and coverage of existing and pipeline pneumococcal vaccines. J Infect Dis. 2025;232:e609-e620. 
  12. Yildirim I, Lapidot R, Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb YB, et al. Invasive pneumococcal disease after 2 decades of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use. Pediatrics. 2024;153:e2023063039. 
  13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pneumococcal disease: causes and how it spreads. cdc.gov/pneumococcal/causes/index.html. Accessed June 30, 2026.
  14. Giovannini Sanguineti G, San Martin S, Behnam-Terneus M, et al. Pneumonia. Pediatr Rev. 2026;47:196-208.
  15. Musher DM, Anderson R, Feldman C. The remarkable history of pneumococcal vaccination: an ongoing challenge. Pneumonia (Nathan). 2022;14:5.
  16. Klein Klouwenberg P, Bont L. Neonatal and infantile immune responses to encapsulated bacteria and conjugate vaccines. Clin Dev Immunol. 2008;2008:628963.
  17. Moore MR, Link-Gelles R, Schaffner W, et al. Effect of use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children on invasive pneumococcal disease in children and adults in the USA: analysis of multisite, population-based surveillance. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15:301-309. 
  18. Pneumococcal 21-valent conjugate vaccine [prescribing information]. Rahway, NJ: Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC; 2026.
  19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pneumococcal vaccine safety. cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/pneumococcal.html. Accessed June 30, 2026.
  20. Pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent [prescribing information]. Rahway, NJ: Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC; 2023.
  21. Kobayashi M, Leidner AJ, Gierke R, et al. Use of 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine among U.S. adults: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2024. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2024;73:793-798.
  22. Maeda H, Morimoto K. Global distribution and characteristics of pneumococcal serotypes in adults. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2025;21:2469424. 
  23. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pneumococcal vaccine recommendations. cdc.gov/pneumococcal/hcp/vaccine-recommendations/index.html. Accessed June 30, 2026. [cdc.gov]
  24. American Academy of Pediatrics. Pneumococcal vaccines. aap.org/en/patient-care/immunizations/pneumococcal-vaccines. Accessed June 30, 2026.
  25. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Risk-based indications for pneumococcal vaccination. cdc.gov/pneumococcal/hcp/vaccine-recommendations/risk-indications.html. Accessed June 30, 2026
  26. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About pneumococcal disease. cdc.gov/pneumococcal/about/index.html. Accessed June 30, 2026