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Optimal Care of Complicated UTIs

CE / CME

You’re in the Know: Laying the Foundation for Optimal Care of Complicated UTIs

Pharmacists: 1.00 contact hour (0.1 CEUs)

ABIM MOC: maximum of 1.00 Medical Knowledge MOC point

Physicians: maximum of 1.00 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit

Nurse Practitioners/Nurses: 1.00 Nursing contact hour

Released: December 31, 2025

Expiration: December 30, 2026

Activity

Progress
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Course Completed

References

  1. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI): clinical guidelines for treatment and management. idsociety.org/practice-guideline/complicated-urinary-tract-infections/. Accessed December 26, 2025.
  2. Borgert BJ, Wallen EM, Pham MN. Prostatitis: a review. JAMA. 2025;334:1003-1013. 
  3. Sleziak J, Błażejewska M, Duszyńska W. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections in the intensive care unit during and after the COVID- 19 pandemic. BMC Infect Dis. 2025;25:595.
  4. Trautner. Harrison’s principles of internal medicine, 22nd edition. McGraw Hill; 2025.
  5. Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2022 ;399:629-655. 
  6. Tamma PD, Heil EL, Justo JA, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America 2024 guidance on the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2024:ciae403. 
  7. UptoDate. US average wholesale pricing estimate. https://UpToDate.com. Accessed December 26, 2025.
  8. Infectious Diseases Society of America. IDSA 2024 guidance on the treatment of antimicrobial resistant gram-negative infections. idsociety.org/practice-guideline/amr-guidance. Accessed December 26, 2025.
  9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infection control. cdc.gov/cre/hcp/infection-control/. Accessed December 26, 2025.
  10. Tamma PD, Aitken SL, Bonomo RA, etc. Infectious Diseases Society of America guidance on the treatment of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR-P. aeruginosa). Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72:1109-1116.
  11. Nordmann P, Poirel L. Epidemiology and diagnostics of carbapenem resistance in gram-negative bacteria. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;69(suppl 7):S521-S528.
  12. Devinney K, Burton N, Alroy KA, et al. Notes from the field: increase in New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales - New York City, 2019-2024. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2025;74:401-403.
  13. Nelson Z, Aslan AT, Beahm NP, et al. Guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of urinary tract infections in pediatrics and adults: a WikiGuidelines Group consensus statement. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7:e2444495. 
  14. European Association of Urology. 2022 EAU guidelines on urological infections. uroweb.org/guidelines/urological-infections/summary-of-changes/2022. Accessed December 26, 2025.
  15. Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315:801-810. 
  16. Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Crit Care Med. 2021;49:e1063-e1143.
  17. Badaró R, Molinar F, Seas C, et al. A multicenter comparative study of cefepime versus broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy in moderate and severe bacterial infections. Braz J Infect Dis. 2002;6:206-218. 
  18. Kaye KS, Belley A, Barth P, et al. Effect of cefepime/enmetazobactam vs piperacillin/tazobactam on clinical cure and microbiological eradication in patients with complicated urinary tract infection or acute pyelonephritis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2022;328:1304-1314.
  19. Portsmouth S, van Veenhuyzen D, Echols R, et al. Cefiderocol versus imipenem-cilastatin for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections caused by gram-negative uropathogens: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18:1319-1328. 
  20. Alzaidi S, Veillette JJ, May SS, et al. Oral β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for definitive treatment of uncomplicated Escherichia coli or Klebsiella species bacteremia from a urinary tract source. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2023;11:ofad657. 
  21. Veillette JJ, May SS, Alzaidi S, et al. Real-world effectiveness of intravenous and oral antibiotic stepdown strategies for gram-negative complicated urinary tract infection with bacteremia. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024;11:ofae193.
  22. Kutob LF, Justo JA, Bookstaver PB, et al. Effectiveness of oral antibiotics for definitive therapy of gram-negative bloodstream infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2016;48:498-503.