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Navigating the CKM Axis Module 1

CE / CME

Navigating the CKM Axis: Understanding the Pathophysiologic Connection Between CKD and HF

Physician Assistants/Physician Associates: 0.50 AAPA Category 1 CME credit

European Learners: 0.50 hours EBAC® effective education time

Physicians: maximum of 0.50 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit

Nurse Practitioners/Nurses: 0.50 Nursing contact hour

Released: December 19, 2025

Expiration: December 18, 2026

Activity

Progress
1 2 3
Course Completed

References

  1. Usman MS, Khan MS, Butler J. The interplay between diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease. ADA Clinical Compendia. 2021;2021:13-18.
  2. Marassi M, Fadini GP. The cardio-renal-metabolic connection: a review of the evidence. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22:195. 
  3. Lala A, Levin A, Khunti K. The interplay between heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025;27:3568-3582. 
  4. Pop-Busui R, Januzzi JL, Bruemmer D, et al. Heart failure: an underappreciated complication of diabetes. A consensus report of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2022;45:1670-1690.
  5. Rumrill SM, Shlipak MG. The new cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome: an opportunity for CKD detection and treatment in primary care. Am J Kidney Dis. 2025;85:399-402.
  6. Alicic RZ, Rooney MT, Tuttle KR. Diabetic kidney disease: challenges, progress, and possibilities. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;12:2032-2045.
  7. Felker GM, Ellison DH, Mullens W, et al. Diuretic therapy for patients with heart failure: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75:1178-1195.
  8. Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, et al; ACC/AHA Joint Committee Members. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022;145:e895-e1032.
  9. Jankowski J, Floege J, Fliser D, et al. Cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease: pathophysiological insights and therapeutic options. Circulation. 2021;143:1157-1172.
  10. Kofod DH, Carlson N, Ballegaard EF, et al. Cardiovascular mortality in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease with and without diabetes: a nationwide cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22:140.
  11. Johns EJ. The neural regulation of the kidney in hypertension and renal failure. Exp Physiol. 2014;99:289-94.
  12. Patel RN, Sharma A, Prasad A, et al. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction with CKD: a narrative review of a multispecialty disorder. Kidney Med. 2023;5:100705.