Ask AI
Navigating the CKM Axis Module 1

CE / CME

Navigating the CKM Axis: Understanding the Pathophysiologic Connection Between CKD and HF

Physician Assistants/Physician Associates: 0.50 AAPA Category 1 CME credit

European Learners: 0.50 hours EBAC® effective education time

Physicians: maximum of 0.50 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit

Nurse Practitioners/Nurses: 0.50 Nursing contact hour

Released: December 19, 2025

Expiration: December 18, 2026

Pretest

Progress
1 2 3
Course Completed
Please answer the questions below.
1.

A 64-year-old man with type 2 diabetes (T2D), stage 3b/A2 chronic kidney disease (CKD), and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; ejection fraction: 30%) presents with worsening exertional dyspnea and mild ankle edema. He has a history of prostatic hypertrophy and a mild delay in voiding. His medications include sacubitril/valsartan, empagliflozin, furosemide, and metoprolol succinate. His laboratory values include: K⁺ 4.7 mEq/L, creatinine 1.8 mg/dL, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 40 mL/min/1.73m2, and urine–albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) 60 mg/g. Which of the following is the best next management step to target aldosterone’s role in worsening cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic (CKM) conditions?

2.

A 68-year-old man with HFrEF and stage 3a/A2 CKD (eGFR 55 mL/min/1.73m2 and UACR 120 mg/g) is being considered for enrollment in a clinical trial evaluating an investigational aldosterone synthase inhibitor (ASI). Which of the following statements best reflects a potential advantage of ASIs over MRAs in the management of patients with CKM conditions?